Function Debouncing with Underscore.js

The ability to listen and react to user interactions with JavaScript is fundamental and incredibly useful. Some interactions happen frequently and some rarely. Some listener functions are light of action, others can be quite taxing on the browser. Take window's resize event for example: the event fires at each step in the resize, so if you have a taxing event listener, your user's browser will get bogged down quickly.

Obviously we can't allow the user's browser to get bogged down, but we can't simply remove listener function either. What we can do, however, is use debouncing to temper the amount of time the method runs. Instead of the listener function firing on each iteration of the resize event, we can ensure it fires only every n milliseconds during the resize, allowing our functionality to fire but at a rate so as to not ruin the user's experience. A great utility called Underscore.js provides an easy to use method for easily creating debouncing event listener functions.

The JavaScript

Creating a debouncing event listener is as easy as:

// Create the listener function
var updateLayout = _.debounce(function(e) {

	// Does all the layout updating here
	
}, 500); // Maximum run of once per 500 milliseconds

// Add the event listener
window.addEventListener("resize", updateLayout, false);

..because the Underscore.js code underneath the hood manages the interval checks and original listener function calling:

// Returns a function, that, as long as it continues to be invoked, will not
// be triggered. The function will be called after it stops being called for
// N milliseconds. If `immediate` is passed, trigger the function on the
// leading edge, instead of the trailing.
_.debounce = function(func, wait, immediate) {
	var timeout;
	return function() {
		var context = this, args = arguments;
		var later = function() {
			timeout = null;
			if (!immediate) func.apply(context, args);
		};
		var callNow = immediate && !timeout;
		clearTimeout(timeout);
		timeout = setTimeout(later, wait);
		if (callNow) func.apply(context, args);
	};
};

Not the most complex piece of code but nice that you don't have to write it yourself. The debounce method doesn't rely on any other Underscore.js methods, so you can add this method to a framework like jQuery or MooTools quite easily:

// MooTools
Function.implement({
	debounce: function(wait, immediate) {
		var timeout, 
		    func = this;
		return function() {
			var context = this, args = arguments;
			var later = function() {
				timeout = null;
				if (!immediate) func.apply(context, args);
			};
			var callNow = immediate && !timeout;
			clearTimeout(timeout);
			timeout = setTimeout(later, wait);
			if (callNow) func.apply(context, args);
		};
	}
});

// Use it!
window.addEvent("resize", myFn.debounce(500));

As mentioned above, window resize events are the most obvious place to use debouncing, but you could also use them for key events that trigger an autocompleter. I love tiny pieces of code like this that can enhance a site's efficiency so quickly! I also recommend you take a look at Underscore.js and the numerous utility functions it provides -- enrich your existing framework or use it as is!