How to Extend Prototypes with JavaScript

By  on  

One of the ideological sticking points of the first JavaScript framework was was extending prototypes vs. wrapping functions. Frameworks like MooTools and Prototype extended prototypes while jQuery and other smaller frameworks did not. Each had their benefits, but ultimately all these years later I still believe that the ability to extend native prototypes is a massive feature of JavaScript. Let's check out how easy it is to empower every instance of a primitive by extending prototypes!

Every JavaScript native, like Number, String, Array, Object, etc. has a prototype. Every method on a prototype is inherited by every instance of that object. For example, we can provide every `Array instance with a unique method by extending its prototype:

Array.prototype.unique = function() {
  return [...new Set(this)];
}

['1', '1', '2'].unique(); // ['1', '2']
new Array('1', '1', '2').unique(); // ['1', '2']

Note that if you can also ensure chaining capability by returning this:

['1', '1', '2'].unique().reverse(); // ['2', '1']

The biggest criticism of extending prototypes has always been name collision where the eventual specification implementation is different than the framework implementation. While I understand that argument, you can combat it with prefixing function names. Adding super powers to a native prototype so that every instance has it is so useful that I'd never tell someone not to extend a prototype. #MooToolsFTW.

Recent Features

  • By
    Create a CSS Flipping Animation

    CSS animations are a lot of fun; the beauty of them is that through many simple properties, you can create anything from an elegant fade in to a WTF-Pixar-would-be-proud effect. One CSS effect somewhere in between is the CSS flip effect, whereby there's...

  • By
    9 Mind-Blowing WebGL Demos

    As much as developers now loathe Flash, we're still playing a bit of catch up to natively duplicate the animation capabilities that Adobe's old technology provided us.  Of course we have canvas, an awesome technology, one which I highlighted 9 mind-blowing demos.  Another technology available...

Incredible Demos

  • By
    Modal-Style Text Selection with Fokus

    Every once in a while I find a tiny JavaScript library that does something very specific, very well.  My latest find, Fokus, is a utility that listens for text selection within the page, and when such an event occurs, shows a beautiful modal dialog in...

  • By
    CSS content and attr

    CSS is becoming more and more powerful but in the sense that it allows us to do the little things easily.  There have been larger features added like transitions, animations, and transforms, but one feature that goes under the radar is generated content.  You saw a...

Discussion

    Wrap your code in <pre class="{language}"></pre> tags, link to a GitHub gist, JSFiddle fiddle, or CodePen pen to embed!